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br Results and discussion br Conclusions br Introduction The
2021-11-11
Results and discussion Conclusions Introduction There is no effective treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) which affects about half of the over 36 million people infected (Saylor et al., 2016). HIV can remain in the blz during combination antiretroviral therapy (Ellis
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br Introduction The alternative splicing of pre
2021-11-11
Introduction The alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is essential for generating multiple matured mRNAs from a single gene by selectively removing introns. Neural 5-Methyl-UTP mg show many examples of regulated alternative splicing events, which produce structural changes in proteins important for t
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Studies examining cerebral glucose metabolism in MDD
2021-11-11
Studies examining cerebral glucose metabolism in MDD using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose in positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed altered regional glucose metabolism in MDD (Dunn et al., 2002, Kennedy et al., 2001, Kimbrell et al., 2002, Saxena et al., 2001). In a recent meta-analysis by Su and co
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An important difference between glucokinase and the other he
2021-11-11
An important difference between glucokinase and the other hexokinases is that it has a much lower affinity for glucose, such that it is not saturated at physiological blood glucose concentrations (Wilson, 1995, Wilson, 1997, Wilson, 2003, Wilson, 2004, Cárdenas et al., 1998). In addition, glucokinas
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br Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that
2021-11-11
Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose levels. The secretion of glucagon from the alpha 6-Chloromelatonin of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is increased during fasting and prevents hypoglycemia. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenes
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Activation of FXR or TGR inhibits inflammatory response via
2021-11-11
Activation of FXR or TGR5 inhibits inflammatory response via repressing NF-κB activity [1]. FXR is not expressed or expressed at a very low level in macrophages [45] (data not shown), but highly expressed in hepatocytes. In contrast, TGR5 is expressed in macrophages but not in hepatocytes. Our data
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The canonical tumor suppressor p
2021-11-11
The canonical tumor suppressor p53 has also been implicated as a transcriptional mediator of ferroptotic death (Jiang et al., 2015, Tarangelo et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2016, Xie et al., 2017). Specifically, p53 negatively regulates transcription of SLC7A11, the cystine-glutamate antiporter (Xc-) (J
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To meet the requirement of ferroptosis based
2021-11-11
To meet the requirement of ferroptosis-based therapy, a couple of small molecule drugs and nanomaterials were introduced to the design of ferroptosis inducers, separately. As we know, iron is a key regulator of ferroptosis. When small molecule drugs are employed to induce ferroptosis, the endogenous
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Apoptosis via Fas FasL system has
2021-11-11
Apoptosis via Fas/FasL system has been evidenced to play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]. Along with these, Fas/FasL system has an important role in progressive renal disease and organ rejection in renal, cardiac and liver transplanta
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br Ethical standards br Conflicts of interest br Funding Thi
2021-11-11
Ethical standards Conflicts of interest Funding This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81560146, 81660148 and 81760151), Gansu Province health industry research project (grant number GSWSKY-2015-10) and Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and
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Bile acids are the end products of
2021-11-11
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and have also been considered as hepatomitogens. Recently, Yap has been shown to be activated by the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and downstream cholesterol and bile acids (Sorrentino et al., 2014
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In order to estimate the influence of mitochondrial hypo
2021-11-11
In order to estimate the influence of mitochondrial hypo-polarization on generated OMP, IMP was changed from the normal value of Δψi = −140 mV (Fig. 4A, D, G) to Δψi = −100 mV (Fig. 4B, E, H), resulting in lower magnitudes of calculated OMP for hypo-polarized SBI-0206965 (Fig. 4B). Similarly, a rem
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The concentration of rapamycin that gave
2021-11-11
The concentration of rapamycin that gave half-maximal induction of the expression of HO-1 and Prx-1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes was 0.05 μM, with maximal induction at about 0.1 μM rapamycin. While, at rapamycin concentrations higher than 0.1 μM, the degree of enzyme induction decreased, elevated expr
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Myocardium
2021-11-11
Materials and methods Results Discussion Myocardium reperfusion injury contributes almost half of myocardial infarct size in myocardial infarction patients, and infarct size is closely correlated with the probability of developing Cy5.5 hydrazide failure [1]. Despite this knowledge, myocar
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Variants of NEIL were also analysed in Primary sclerosing
2021-11-10
Variants of NEIL1 were also analysed in Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients by Forsbring et al. to identify effect of variants on these diseases. Four variants were identified i.e., one earlier validated (G83D) and three novel (E181K, H275, R339W). E181K was fo
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