• Circulating adrenal derived stress hormones epinephrine and

  2024-12-12

  

  Circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone mediate their tissue effects through adrenergic (AR; α and β) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. AR are widely distributed throughout the body and although epinephrine is a prototypical agonist for all types of AR, the selec

• Introduction Glaucoma consists of a

  2024-12-12

  

  Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of eye diseases showing a broad spectrum of clinical presentation and unknown aetiologies, that lead to a permanent loss of visual function due to the death of retinal ganglion plk1 inhibitor and damage of the optical nerve. It is well accepted that a criti

• br Results br Discussion Today enzymes play important roles

  2024-12-12

  

  Results Discussion Today, enzymes play important roles in various fields. A good assay for enzyme activity is of great value, especially when it has good specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and economy. ADK is the first identified enzyme in the metabolic pathway of adenosine salvage [15,

• targeted therapy Tipifarnib br Acknowledgements br Introduct

  2024-12-12

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine THA

  2024-12-12

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• The lanthanide series of chemical elements comprises the

  2024-12-12

  

  The lanthanide series of chemical elements comprises the fifteen metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum to lutetium. Though originally described as ‘‘rare earths’’ because of their natural occurrence as metal oxides, they are not particularly rare. The lanthanid

• The syntheses of a and b are

  2024-12-12

  

  The syntheses of 27a and 27b are shown in Scheme 5. Substituted naphthalene 21c was brominated using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) to yield 25, which was subjected to lactam cyclization to form 26a and 26b, respectively. Deprotections of each Fumagillin recep

• pp3 br Autophagy and cell death pathways

  2024-12-12

  

  Autophagy and cell death pathways in ischemic stroke Although very important for the effects on post-ischemic pp3 injury, autophagy is not the only mechanism of action involved in cell death. Necrosis and apoptosis are two other distinct forms of cell death with great difference in morphology an

• br Autophagy in cancer br Phytochemicals

  2024-12-12

  

  Autophagy in cancer Phytochemicals as a valuable source of autophagy modulation agents Epidemiological studies demonstrated that there is a strong association between diet and human cancer mortality so that daily consumption of phytochemicals declines the incidence of different types of cancer

• br Results br Discussion Context specific and dynamic post t

  2024-12-11

  

  Results Discussion Context-specific and dynamic post-translational protein modifications are well-established regulators of the signaling pathways that protect eukaryotic DNA integrity during the tremendous task of replication. Advancements in speed, resolution, and sensitivity of MS-based tec

• It is well known that

  2024-12-11

  

  It is well-known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and their metabolites endogenously modulate neural excitability in animals and humans. Testosterone has protective effects against seizures induced by KA and PTZ (Frye et al., 2001b; Reddy, 2004b). Estrogens, on the other hand, have proconvuls

• In view of the ubiquitous distribution

  2024-12-11

  

  In view of the ubiquitous distribution of the arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase isoforms and the variety of cellular reactions influenced by the resulting arachidonate metabolites, these products widely play important roles in many biological systems. The development of new type-specific inhibitors of t

• Targeted disruption of the Akt gene in mice

  2024-12-11

  

  Targeted disruption of the Akt1 gene in mice induces a growth retardation phenotype [4,19]. Akt2 KO mice reveal mild growth retardation and insulin resistance [4,20,21]. Akt1/2 double KO (DKO) mice display severe growth deficiency and die shortly after birth. These mice exhibit impaired bone and ski

• C-type natriuretic peptide (1-22) (human, rat, swine) Notabl

  2024-12-11

  

  Notably, both circulating adiponectin and adipsin were equally diminished by about 50% in Arfrp1 mice consistent with several studies reporting overlapping trafficking routes for their secretion from 3T3-L1 C-type natriuretic peptide (1-22) (human, rat, swine) which was strikingly inhibited upon ab

• br Expression of ADK in

  2024-12-10

  

  Expression of ADK in the normal brain In adult brain, ADK is primarily expressed in astrocytes. Immunocytochemical analysis of adult rat and mouse phospholipase a2 inhibitor revealed predominant astrocytic expression throughout the hippocampus and cortex. Two isoforms of ADK have been identified

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