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Plant defensins are cysteine rich
2025-02-08

Plant defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides of 5–8 kDa whose mature domain comprises 45 to 54 amino Cathepsin S and inflammation residues, with an isoelectric point around 9. The global fold of plant defensins consists of a cysteine-stabilized motif (CSα/β) made up of an α-helix and a tripl
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Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet
2025-02-08

Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and ɣ-rays irradiation, sulphur and aluminium phosphide fumigation, etc, have been introduced to inhibit the growth of fungi. Nevertheless, due to the potential decomposition reactions and residues, as well as their own potential toxicity, and
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It has been known for a while that
2025-02-08

It has been known for a while that oxygenation (the addition of oxygen) of Aβ can inhibit the formation of amyloids and diminish their cytotoxicity. Photo-oxygenation of Aβ started with fullerenes almost a decade ago by Toshima and co-workers. Later, porphyrins and polyoxometalates were used as well
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Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during
2025-02-08

Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011
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Interest in natural products has
2025-02-08

Interest in natural products has led to the study of plant extracts as sources of ARIs. However, chemical complexity of natural extracts makes the identification of ARIs challenging and time-consuming. Identification of bioactive compounds with the desired biological effect from natural products, co
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br AKT signaling is essential during early
2025-02-08

AKT signaling is essential during early dorsal patterning, neural crest induction and maturation AKT signaling modulates EMT and migration of the neural crest cells The defining feature of NC cells is their delamination from the dorsal neural epithelium. At the end of neurulation, mature premi
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Finally one can ask whether these results throw
2025-02-08

Finally, one can ask whether these results throw any light on the nature of the target in SNMG patients. Interestingly, the results of the in vitro incubations suggested that SNMG sera might increase AChR expression to a small extent, raising the possibility that SNMG patients, who have thymic chang
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br Trauma and ACEs screening
2025-02-08

Trauma and ACEs screening: the past, present, and future Traditionally, allopathy’s biomedical model has utilized an etic perspective; the outsiders’ view of the problem. Development of diagnostic screening tools requires an etic approach, which relies heavily on a completely objective perspectiv
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Taking together findings from our study and that from the
2025-02-07

Taking together findings from our study and that from the literature, we propose a model (to be experimentally confirmed) of possible intracellular mechanism of NA-induced regulation of Na-K ATPase subunit expression (Fig. 8). NA acting on α1-AR modulates the α1- and α3-subunit expressions of Na-K A
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br Regulatory mechanisms of ASK activity br The
2025-02-07

Regulatory mechanisms of ASK1 activity The functions of ASK1 in disease ASK1 inhibitor As mentioned above, ASK1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases; hence, an ASK1 inhibitor has therapeutic potential. Although inhibitors of the ASK1 downstream kinases p38 and JNK ar
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br Apelin The APJ receptor
2025-02-07

Apelin The APJ receptor ligand apelin firstly in 1998 was segregated from bovine stomach tissue. Human preproapelin gene located on chromosome Xq25–26.1. The apelin preproproteins consist of 77 amino AS8351 residues that are cleaved into biologically active C-terminal fragments of various sizes.
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Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the
2025-02-07

Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (APLNR), a member of the G protein coupled receptor family that shares a similar sequence as the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) [5]. Early studies demonstrated that the apelin/APLNR receptor axis plays a significant role in
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Limitations of this study include the use of
2025-02-07

Limitations of this study include the use of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which show different characteristics than primary cardiomyocytes [56]. Furthermore, sustained TAC in Ampkα1-deficient mice did not favorably influence cardiac function [33]. It must be kept in mind that global Ampkα1-deficiency may af
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The Nagoya Heart Study enrolled patients with
2025-02-07

The Nagoya Heart Study enrolled patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes or impaired difference between reduced glutathione and l-glutathione tolerance (12). Patients were randomized to valsartan- or amlodipine-based regimens with a BP target of ≤130/80 mmHg. The primary outcome was a composi
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br Introduction Diabetes mellitus DM is
2025-02-07

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insufficient insulin production and needs a daily administration of insulin. Actually, no prevention is known for Type 1 diabetes. Type
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