br Data The data include protein detection of members

Data The data include protein detection of members of the PI3K signaling and PIP3 quantification (Figs. 1-3). The detection of respective biomolecules was done with fluorescence immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry and Western blot. The analyzed liver sections and primary hepatocytes originated from WT and Lcn2-/- mice fed on a standard chow diet or an MCD diet. The hepatocytes were treated with insulin to trigger PIP3 and PI3K before immunodetection. Untreated control akt inhibitors were used to compare.
Experimental design, materials and methods
Funding sources This work was financially supported by Grants from the German Research Foundation (SFB TRR57, P13 and Q03) and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research within the Faculty of Medicine at RWTH Aachen University (IZKF E6-11).
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Drs. Thorsten Berger and Tak W. Mak (The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada) for providing Lcn2 deficient mice for our study.
Data We present data from bones of human remains from Brazil: Justino site, Sergipe (n=7), dated from 4380–3200 BP (Before Present); and Funerary Site São Gonçalo Garcia Church, Rio de Janeiro (n=7) dated from the end of the 18th century [1]. Some (n=5) bone fragments were also analyzed from an individual extinct giant ground sloth of the genus Eremotherium spp., from Lagoa dos Porcos site, Piauí, Brazil dated from 30.000 BC (Before Christ) [1]. Data include methodologies, primers’ information and conditions (Table 1) and sequence alignment. (Figs. 1–3).
Experimental design, materials and methods
Acknowledgements
Specifications Table
Data Sgo1 expression pattern largely agreed between the X-Gal stain and immunostain at both E9.5 and E10.5. In both stages, Sgo1 was expressed robustly in the heart and the neural tube (Fig. 1. A-B’). Closer observation of the neural tube revealed predominant localization of the X-Gal signal to its outer border whereas the immunostain marked the SGO1 protein in both the outer and inner borders (Fig. 1C and D). During the later stages of retinal development in E15.5 and E18.5, the X-gal signal diminished from faint to little signal (Fig. 1E–F′). SGO1 localized to cells in the intestinal mesenchymal layers in E10.5 and E12.5. At E15.5, SGO1 localized to the cells at the border of the developing smooth muscle layer and serosa (Fig. 1G–I). X-Gal staining of 4 month old adult mice retina showed no discernable signal (Fig. 2A, A′). Anti-SGO1 immunostaining with 3C11 antibody (Abnova; H00151648-M01) showed SGO1 localization in select population of retinal neurons (Fig. 2B); also, shown with monoclonal antibody against SGO1 [3]. Furthermore, SGO1 localized in intestinal ganglion cells of adult mice colon that co-localized with anti-TUBB3, a marker for post-mitotic neurons (Fig. 2C). SGO1 in the cerebellum preferentially localized to the cells in the white matter region (Fig. 2. D). Intracellularly, we identified cells in the cerebral cortex that distinctly shows anti-SGO1 within the boundary of DAPI signal as well as cells which displayed anti-SGO1 signal outside the region positive for DAPI signal (Fig. 2E). Spermatogonia, in the adult testis reside in the niche at the border of seminiferous tubule wall [1], displayed punctate anti-SGO1 signal, distinctly overlapping with DNA binding counterstain: methyl green. Hepatocytes in the liver are quiescent under normal conditions [2]. SGO1 localized diffusely throughout the nucleus in nearly all morphologically identifiable hepatocytes. No discernable false positive signals were observed under same experimental conditions in immunostains and X-gal stain (Fig. 3). Western blot of adult mouse tissues against SGO1 protein showed a band in the predicted region (59kDa) of SGO1 protein size with no discernable unspecific binding (Fig. 3.). Refer to the following Gene Expression Patterns article for results and discussion [3].